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Advances on immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Yong Fan, Yan Geng, Lin Shen, Zhuoli Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 33-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0735-3

Abstract: Immunotherapy has recently led to a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, in which immune checkpoint inhibitorsnon-specific activation of effector T cells, ICIs are remarkably associated with a substantial risk of immune-related

Keywords： cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors immune-related adverse events review

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Natural killer cells in liver diseases

Meijuan Zheng, Haoyu Sun, Zhigang Tian

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 269-279 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0621-4

Abstract: NK cell activation, well known for its role in the immune surveillance against tumor and pathogen-infectedUnder the setting of liver diseases, NK cells are of great importance for stimulating or inhibiting immuneresponses, leading to either immune activation or immune tolerance.

Keywords： natural killer cell phenotype immune activation immune tolerance liver diseases

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Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

Abstract: Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

Keywords： Single-use plastic alternatives Policy Regulation Sustainable development

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Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 617-648 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1015-9

Abstract: Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

Keywords： Heterogeneity tumor immune

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From Farming to Engineering: The Microbiota and Allergic Diseases

Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 98-109 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.019

Abstract:

The steady increase of IgE-dependent allergic diseases after the Second World War is a unique phenomenon in the history of humankind. Numerous cross-sectional studies, comprehensive longitudinal cohort studies of children living in various types of environment, and mechanistic experimental studies have pointed to the disappearance of “protective factors” related to major changes in lifestyle and environment. A common unifying concept is that of the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the protection against allergic disorders that is provided by the farming environment and by exposure to microbial diversity. It also questions whether and how microbial bioengineering will be able in the future to restore an interplay that was beneficial to the proper immunological development of children in the past and that was irreversibly disrupted by changes in lifestyle. The protective “farming environment” includes independent and additional influences: contact with animals, stay in barns/stables, and consumption of unprocessed milk and milk products, by mothers during pregnancy and by children in early life. More than the overall quantity of microbes, the biodiversity of the farm microbial environment appears to be crucial for this protection, as does the biodiversity of the gut microbiota that it may provide. Use of conventional probiotics, especially various species or strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, has not fulfilled the expectations of allergists and pediatricians to prevent allergy. Among the specific organisms present in cowsheds that could be used for prevention, Acinetobacter (A.) lwoffii F78, Lactococcus (L.) lactis G121, and Staphylococcus (S.) sciuri W620 seem to be the most promising, based on experimental studies in mouse models of allergic respiratory diseases. However, the development of a new generation of probiotics based on very productive research on the farming environment faces several obstacles that cannot be overcome without a close collaboration between microbiologists, immunologists, and bioengineers, as well as pediatricians, allergists, specialists of clinical trials, and ethical committees.

Keywords： Allergy Farming Microbial biodiversity Immune regulation Microbiota Translational research

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Phase transition regulation and caloric effect

Frontiers in Energy 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 463-477 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1

Abstract: Solid state refrigeration based on caloric effect is regarded as a potential candidate for replacing vapor-compression refrigeration. Numerous methods have been proposed to optimize the refrigeration properties of caloric materials, of which single field tuning as a relatively simple way has been systemically studied. However, single field tuning with few tunable parameters usually obtains an excellent performance in one specific aspect at the cost of worsening the performance in other aspects, like attaining a large caloric effect with narrowing the transition temperature range and introducing hysteresis. Because of the shortcomings of the caloric effect driven by a single field, multifield tuning on multicaloric materials that have a coupling between different ferro-orders came into view. This review mainly focuses on recent studies that apply this method to improve the cooling performance of materials, consisting of enlarging caloric effects, reducing hysteresis losses, adjusting transition temperatures, and widening transition temperature spans, which indicate that further progress can be made in the application of this method. Furthermore, research on the sign of lattice and spin contributions to the magnetocaloric effect found new phonon evolution mechanisms, calling for more attention on multicaloric effects. Other progress including improving cyclability of FeRh alloys by introducing second phases and realizing a large reversible barocaloric effect by hybridizing carbon chains and inorganic groups is described in brief.

Keywords： phase transition regulation caloric effect solid state refrigeration

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Molecular classification and precision therapy of cancer: immune checkpoint inhibitors

Yingyan Yu

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 229-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0581-0

Abstract: MSI-H status due to dMMR and characterized by increased neoantigen load, which elicits intense host immune

Keywords： molecular classification precision medicine pembrolizumab PD-1/PD-L1 MSI-H

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The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases

Jiansen Du, Lin Fu, Yingli Sui, Lingqiang Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages 542-563 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0734-4

Abstract: modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell division, immunecharacter, structure and function of OTUs, such as the substrate specificity and catalytic activity regulationFinally, we summarize the structure of viral OTUs and their function in immune escape and viral survival

Keywords： ubiquitin OTU deubiquitinases structure function regulation

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Hyperthermia on skin immune system and its application in the treatment of human papillomavirus-infected

Xinghua Gao, Hongduo Chen

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 1-5 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0309-3

Abstract: instance, fever-range temperature (39β°C to 40β°C) can modulate the activities of immuneCytotoxic temperature (>43β°C) can create an antigen source to induce an anti-tumor immune

Keywords： hyperthermia HPV immune response virus tumor

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SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 196-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x

Abstract: Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully

Keywords： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine immune escape breakthrough prevention

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Multi-target combinatory strategy to overcome tumor immune escape

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 208-215 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0922-5

Abstract: Immune therapy has become the fourth approach after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancerMany immune checkpoints were identified in the last decade since ipilimumab, which is the first immuneHowever, fewer people are benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in solid cancers.Along with the characterization of more immune checkpoints, the combinatory treatment of multi-immuneIn this work, the author focuses on the combination therapy of multiple immune checkpoints (does not

Keywords： immune checkpoints multi-target immune escape immune-related adverse events combination therapy

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Estimating the number of Chinese cancer patients eligible for and benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 773-783 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0902-1

Abstract: The total number of cancer patients who are eligible for and will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitorspatients with eligibility and response to ICIs based on the 2015 Chinese cancer statistics and the immune

Keywords： benefit China eligibility immune checkpoint inhibitor public health

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Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 333-346 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7

Abstract: Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating theadaptive immune system.In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and hostMacrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components thatThis knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infections

Keywords： innate immune viral infection intercellular signaling metabolic changes epigenetic changes

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Screening responsive or resistant biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors based on online databases

Zhen Xiang, Yingyan Yu

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 24-31 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0679-7

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer, especially advancedHowever, not all patients are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.The response rate depends on the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), expression levelof immune checkpoint proteins, and molecular subtypes of cancers.provide large volumes of data, which allow researchers to explore responsive or resistant biomarkers of immune

Keywords： immune checkpoint blockade sensitivity resistance data mining